In Charles Dickens‘ (1812-70) novel “A Tale of Two Cities,” lions and jackals are symbolic representations that carry significant meaning throughout the story. They also represent different characters and their roles in the story.
The Symbolism of the Lions:
Ruling Class
The lions represent the ruling class and the oppressive power of the aristocracy in France. They symbolize the monarchy, aristocrats, and the wealthy elite who held power and oppressed the common people.
Charles Darnay
The “lion” imagery is primarily associated with Charles Darnay, one of the central characters in the novel. Darnay is a member of the French aristocracy but rejects his family’s oppressive values and privileges for the sake of justice and compassion. Dickens rightly says about him,
“Darnay, still taking his last confused view of the oak-tree in the yard, traversed the paved space before the jail”
This quote shows Darnay’s courageous acceptance of his fate, facing the “lion’s den” of the prison with dignity.
Strength, Authority, and Dominance
The lions also symbolize strength, authority, and dominance, reflecting the oppressive rule of the monarchy during the time of the French Revolution.
The Symbolism of the Jackals:
Revolutionary Forces
The jackals represent the revolutionary forces and the vengeful spirit of the oppressed masses. They symbolize the common people who rise against the aristocracy and seek justice and equality.
Sydney Carton
The “jackal” imagery is primarily associated with Sydney Carton, another central character in the novel. Carton is initially depicted as a wastrel and a “jackal” who lacks purpose but later transforms into a heroic figure and sacrifices himself for the greater good.
Cunning, Opportunism, and Desire for Change
The jackals symbolize cunning, opportunism, and the desire for change. They embody the revolutionary fervor and the willingness to seize any opportunity to bring down the oppressive ruling class.
The lions in “A Tale of Two Cities” symbolize the ruling class and the oppressive power of the aristocracy, while the jackals represent the revolutionary forces and the vengeful spirit of the common people. The parallel imagery of lions and jackals underscores the stark contrast between these factions and adds depth to the theme of revolution and social change.
