Q.1. Who wrote the book The Advancement of Learning?
Ans. The book, The Advancement of Learning is written by Francis Bacon
Q.2. What is pragmatism?
Ans. Pragmatism means practical consideration of certain things.
1. Of Marriage and Single Life
Q.3. How do people leading a single life to consider family life?
Ans. Some young persons leading a single life consider family life to be a bill of charges.
Q.4. Why being unmarried does not mean anything different for judges and magistrates?
Ans. The aim of being unmarried is to be free from all burdens. But for Judges and magistrates, it does not have anything special. For if an unmarried judge or magistrate is corrupt he would appoint some guard to get the bribe.
Q.5. How are the chaste women?
Ans. Chaste women are usually proud of their chastity. But this can give a man disciplined and routine life.
Q.6. When, according to Bacon, should a man marry?
Ans. As the author suggests that a young man should think seriously about when he should marry. An old man should not at all marry.
Q.7. What are the three roles played by a wife in a different stage of life?
Ans. The three roles played by a wife in different stages of li are mistress, companion, and nurse.
Q.8. Who are the impediments to great enterprise according to Bacon?
Ans. Wife and children are impediments to great enterprises.
Q.9. Why can’t unmarried men be the best citizens?
Ans. Unmarried lead good citizens. life and so they do not make
II. Of Truth
Q.10. Why did Bacon compare truth to a pearl?
Or, How does the author compare truth?
Or, According to the author, what is the form of truth?
Ans. Truth is a ‘naked and open daylight’ that illuminates the objects of life. It is like a pearl that shines in a day, not a diamond that shines in the varied lights (say the lights of the candle).
Q.11. What can be resulted from a mixture of a lie?
Ans. It is found that a mixture of a lie can result in pleasure for a human being. But this pleasure is not permanent and it loses its appeal in the shortest span of time.
Q.12. Why do people like the mixture of a lie and truth?
Ans. People love to have the taste of mixing the truth with a lie for the reason that it gives people the taste of making vain hopes, false valuations, and imaginations.
Q.13. How does a poet adopt the shadow of a lie?
Ans. A poet adopts the shadow of a lie in making the poetry more appealing to others. The piece of works in which creativity of imagination matters, truth is recognized half-heartedly. The masters of creative arts think that they are the worshippers of beauty, not truth.
Q.14. What is the “sovereign good” of human nature?
Ans. The love for truth or seeking after the truth is, according to the author, the sovereign good of human nature.
Q.15. What is the condition for people to truth?
Ans. The only condition to get to the truth is to approach it with pity and pure heart not with swelling pride.
Q.16. How does a lie affect humanity?
Ans. Telling a lie in many matters of human life makes it “false and perfidious”. Added to that, a person who speaks a lie “faces with God and shrinks from humanity.”
Q.17. How does the author evaluate the poetry?
Ans. The author says that though there is creativity and imagination in poetry, it bears the shadow of the lie to a certain extent.
Q.18. Why do people have a tendency to avoid the truth?
Ans. People want to avoid the truth because of their natural but corrupt love for lies itself.
III. Of Plantations
Q.19. What is the essay ‘Of Plantation’ about?
Ans. The essay illustrates the interest in English colonization in America.
Q.20. What type of region according to Bacon should be selected for new colonization?
Ans. Bacon prefers to select uninhabited land for new colonization.
Q.21. In what sense, planting a country is compared to planting a wood?
Ans. The task of planting a country is compared to the task of plantation in wood.
0.22. What type of government that the author suggested installing on a plantation?
Ans. Government in a plantation should be, on one hand, assisted with some counsels and commissions to exercise martial laws with some limitations.
Q.23. What does Bacon mean by the term ‘Plantation”?
Ans. The word, plantation means colonization in Of Plantation.
IV. Of Great Place
Q.24. What is a strange desire?
Ans. It is a strange desire to seek power and to lose liberty over he’s self.
Q.25. What is the consequence of downfall from a high place?
Ans. The consequence of downfall from a high place is tragic and miserable. A man in a high place is always unwilling to forsake his position and for this reason, has to bear unbearable insult and disappointment.
Q.26. When do the men in high places find their fault?
Ans. The men in a high place for their power and pelf and the flattery of others never become conscious of their faults and weakness which are easily discovered by others. They are the last to discover it.
Q.27. Why are men in great fortunes strangers to themselves?
Ans. The men in great fortunes are strangers to themselves or ignorant of their own real nature because they are so busy with the duties of their high office that they have no time to look within themselves and understand their own faults.
Q.28. How death comes to men in a high position?
Ans. Death falls heavy on the men in high positions. They die well-known to others but unknown to themselves.
Q.29. What is performed in God’s theatre?
Ans. In God’s theatre, only good and benevolent act is performed. God created the universe and it was a good act.
Q.30. What are the vices of authority, according to Bacon?
Ans. The vices of authority are mainly four. They are delays, corruption, roughness, and readiness to favor due to flattery.
Q.31. What does King Solomon says about trivial favor or reference?
Ans. According to King Solomon in the book of Proverbs, a man in a high place should not give trivial favor or preference to anyone because such a man will do wrong or break the law for a piece of bread.
Q.32. Who was Vespasian?
Ans. Vespasian was a Roman emperor who was one of the emperors whose possession of power improved.
Q.33. What is the nature of things?
Ans. According to Aristotelian physics, every object has its own proper and fixed place in nature. Bacon says that in nature things move with violent movement till they reach their proper place.
Q.34. How should a man in a high place treat his colleagues?
Ans. A man in a high place should respect them and often call them for consultation and take opinions when necessary.
Q.35. Who was Tacitus?
Ans. Tacitus was a good historian of ancient Rome.
V. Of Revenge
Q.36. What is the outcome of revenge according to Bacon in “Of Revenge”?
Ans. The outcome of revenge is that it puts the law out of the office and offends the law.
Q.37. What are the two wrongs that one commits when he takes revenge?
Ans. When a person takes revenge, he commits two wrongs. First, he offends the law, and then, he puts the law out of office.
Q.38. What is the most tolerable sort of revenge?
Ans. The most tolerable sort of revenge is for those wrongs for which there is no legal remedy.
Q.39. Who is Cosmus?
Ans. Cosmus was the Duke of Florence, Italy, in the 16th century.
Q.40. What is the spirit of Job?
Ans. The spirit of Job, a person in the Bible, is nobler and generous. According to him, God is the source of both good and evil, and so both should be equally welcome to us.
Q.41. Who is Pertinax?
Ans. When the Roman emperor Lucius Aelius Commodus was murdered in 192, the Roman consul Publius Helvius Pertinax became emperor. He, in turn, was slain a year later.
Q.42. How does Bacon argue about a treacherous friend using the spirit of Job?
Ans. Bacon argues that a treacherous friend can be forgiven as the spirit of Job teaches us that we should accept both good and bad from God’s hands.
Q.43. What is superior to taking revenge?
Ans. Pardoning or forgiving is superior to taking revenge.
VI. Of Love
Q.44. What is more beholding for love affairs?
Ans. The stage is more beholding for love affairs than the life of a man.
Q.45. What did Epicurus say about love?
Ans. According to Epicurus, human beings (man and woman) are sufficiently large theatre one for another. Put simply, it is considered that man is created for engaging with the “little idol” Le. woman rather not thinking of heaven and all the noble objects created for the well-being of the people of society.
Q.46. How does the author differentiate between a flatterer and a lover?
Ans. The author makes a comparison between a flatter and a lover and concludes that a lover surpasses all limits in the flattery of his beloved.
Q.47. What is the difference between a proud man and a lover?
Ans. The author draws a comparison between a proud man and a lover. He says that a lover is more proud than a lover.
Q.48. What is the case of Paris as love affairs were concerned?
Ans. Paris, son of Priam and Hecuba was a Trojan shepherd. He was chosen as the umpire. Each goddess tempted him with a bribe, Juno with power, Minerva with wisdom, and Venus with the promise of a beautiful woman. He decided to accept Venus’s offer. Paris was awarded the love of Helen, the wife of the Greek Menelaus. His elopement with Helen led to the Trojan war.
Q.49. What is the true rule in love?
Ans. The true rule in love is that love is ever rewarded either with mutual benefits of the lover and the beloved or continues to create “within inward and secret contempt” for the lover.
Q.50. How does the author conclude about love?
Ans. The author drew two conclusions: one, in man’s nature a secret inclination and motions towards the love of others, and two, if that love does not spread over a few, there is a chance that it takes many people i.e. the whole of humanity into account.
Q.51. Who was Epicurus?
Ans. Epicurus was a Greek philosopher.
Q.52. What is the most ordinary cause of single life?
Ans. Having fuller enjoyment of liberty is the most important cause of a single life.
Q.53. What type of justice is revenge?
Ans. Revenge is a kind of wild justice as it tries to replace the natural rule of law.
