Question: What are the functions of poetry?

Introduction

Every branch of knowledge has function to be done for the betterment of human beings. As the earliest branch of knowledge, poetry has a unique function to be done in accordance with Sir Philip Sidney (1554-1586). Sidney has pursued Aristotelian concept of poetry in order to define the nature and function of poetry.

Art of imitation to teach and delight

Sidney defines poetry as an art of imitation following Aristotle’s concept of mimesis or theory of imitation. He explains imitation as “representing, counterfeiting or figuring fourth” which speaks metaphorically. In other words, poetry as an art of imitation gives a visual description or a speaking picture, the aim of which is to teach and delight.

Giving light to the ignorant

Sidney points out that poetry was the earliest form of composition in all countries. The ancient Romans gave or bestowed the divine title “Vates” on the poet. The word ‘vates’ stands for diviner or prophet. On the other hand, the Greeks regarded the poet as a maker. Thus, Sidney makes the function of poetry transparent that it scatters the messages with delight.

More Notes of Criticism

Poetry as controller or moderator

Sidney calls the poet as moderator in the school of learning. According to Sidney, poetry teaches and delights but that is not all. He also points out the power of poetry to move the mind and to stir heart. It can influence reader’s behavior and conduct. After reading Homer’s “Odyssey”, everybody would like to perform a deed of similar virtue. Sidney makes one of his most memorable statements when he speaks of lyrical poetry:

“I never heard the old song of Percy and Douglas that

I found not my heart moved more than with a trumpet”.

So, poetry improves the differentiating power of human beings with delight and spontaneity.

“I never heard the old song of Percy and Douglas that

I found not my heart moved more than with a trumpet”.

Conclusion

From the light of the above discussion, it is pure water like transparent that the function of poetry surpasses the function of all branches of knowledge. Philosophy is one-sided, history is limited and science is factual only but it is poetry which is prophetic.